| soft | far; distant; remote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (柔遠) | 柔 | 遠 | |
| simp. (柔远) | 柔 | 远 | |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 柔 | 遠 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) | 云 (35) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) | 元 (66) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 耳由切 | 雲阮切 |
| Baxter | nyuw | hjwonX |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ȵɨu/ | /ɦʉɐnX/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ȵiu/ | /ɦʷiɐnX/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ȵʑiəu/ | /ɣiuɐnX/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ȵuw/ | /ɦuanX/ |
| Li Rong |
/ȵiu/ | /ɣiuɐnX/ |
| Wang Li |
/ȵʑĭəu/ | /ɣĭwɐnX/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ȵʑi̯ə̯u/ | /i̯wɐnX/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
róu | yuǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
jau4 | jyun5 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 柔 | 遠 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
róu | yuǎn |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ nyuw › | ‹ hjwonX › |
| Old Chinese |
/*nu/ | /*C.ɢʷanʔ/ |
| English | soft | far |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 柔 | 遠 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| No. | 8825 | 16226 |
| Phonetic component |
矛 | 袁 |
| Rime group |
幽 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
柔 | 遠 |
| Old Chinese |
/*mlju/ | /*ɢʷanʔ/ |