mdwj

Egyptian

4ae inf.

(intransitive, of people, mouths, or tongues) to speak (+ n or ḫr or ḫft: to; + ḥr: about; + ḥnꜥ or m-dj or jrm: with (someone); + m: with (the mouth))
- c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 73–76:
  
  jw mdw.k n.j nn wj ḥr sḏm{.j} st jw.j m bꜣḥ.k ḫm.n(.j) wj
  ―You’re speaking to me, but I’m not hearing it; I am before you, but I don’t know myself.
(intransitive) to dispute, speak in opposition, contest, contend (+ ḥnꜥ: with; + m: in (some matter, e.g. a will))
(intransitive, with ḥr or ḥr tp) to put in a good word for (someone)
(intransitive, of birds) to cry
(intransitive, of the heart) to beat [Medical Papyri]
(intransitive, of the sky) to thunder [Pyramid Texts]
(transitive, rare) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include: [Pyramid Texts]
1. to claim
2. to address

Conjugation of mdwj (fourth weak / 4ae inf. / IV. inf.) — base stem: mdw

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
mdwt, mdwj	mdww, mdwyw, mdw	mdwt, mdwwt, mdwyt	mdw	mdw, mdwy

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
mdw⁸	ḥr mdwt, ḥr mdwj	m mdwt, ḥr mdwj	r mdwt, ḥr mdwj

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	mdw.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	mdww¹, mdwy, mdw	active + .tj¹, .tw²	mdw	mdwy, mdw
imperfective	mdw, mdwy, mdww⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	mdw, mdwj⁶, mdwy⁶	mdw, mdww⁵
prospective	mdww¹, mdwy, mdw, mdwtj⁷	—	mdwwtj^{1 4}, mdwtj⁴, mdwt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of mdwj

mdwj

[Old Kingdom]

[Middle Kingdom]

uncommon

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of mdwj

mdwj

[since the Middle Kingdom]

[18th Dynasty]

[Greco-Roman Period]

“mdwi̯ (lemma ID 78140)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1928) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 2, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 179.2–179.28, 180.2
Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 122
James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 174, 292–293.
Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 83

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